Andes

The longest mountain chain on the planet, the Andes range stretches from Venezuela to Argentina - over 4000 miles long. A relatively new mountain range, the Andes first formed during the Cretaceous period about 140 million years ago. The Andes encompass nearly the entire West coast of South America. As such, the mountain range manifests a broad range of climates and geography. Near the equator, the mountains have a warm and humid climate, with tropical rainforests practically lying in their shadow. To the south towards Antarctica, the Andes range is colder and more glacial. Probably the most well-known of the indigenous peoples to inhabit the Andes were the Inca, whose empire was based in the area of modern-day Peru from the early 1300s to 1533. At the height of their expansion, the Inca ruled over much of western South America. The conquistador Francisco Pizarro established Spanish rule in 1533, when he oversaw the death of the last Inca emperor.

From the game's History encyclopedia, AoE3: DE 100.19.18309.